Ress can drive NBR1 and ATG8 to bind using the aggregatic
Ress can drive NBR1 and ATG8 to bind with the aggregatic cytoplasmic protein, demonstrating that the plant aggrephagy receptor NBR1 is significant inside the regulation of proteostasis [93].Antioxidants 2021, 10, x FOR PEER Critique Antioxidants 2021, ten,8 of 23 8 ofFigure two. Schematic representation of several mechanisms of selective autophagy in plants and animals. The degradation Figure two. Schematic for cell organelles and aggregates are shown and distinct characteristics of each and animals. The Aggrephagy. autophagic pathwaysrepresentation of numerous mechanisms of selective autophagy in plantsare highlighted. (a) degradation autophagic pathways for cell organelles and aggregates are shown and distinct functions of each are highlighted. (a) AgDegradation of intracellular protein aggregates that type naturally or because of this of abiotic stresses that lead to protein folding. grephagy. Degradation of intracellular protein aggregates that kind naturally or as a result of abiotic stresses that lead to Aggrephagy is activated by aggregate Diversity Library supplier ubiquitylation and autophagy-binding receptors, such as NBR1 in plants and p62/NBR1 protein folding. Aggrephagy is activated by aggregate ubiquitylation and autophagy-binding receptors, which include NBR1 in in animals. (b) Proteaphagy. Degradation of WZ8040 Protocol proteasomes occurs in of proteasomes occurs in response to nitrogen starvation. plants and p62/NBR1 in animals. (b) Proteaphagy. Degradation response to proteasome inactivation or proteasome inactiProteaphagy is triggered by p62 in animals is triggered by plants and translocates it toin plants and translocates it towards the vation or nitrogen starvation. Proteaphagy and RPN10 in p62 in animals and RPN10 the cytoplasm for degradation (c) Nucleophagy. Atg39 interacts with cargo receptor Atg11 through Atg11 binding area in animals and in plants ATG8region in cytoplasm for degradation (c) Nucleophagy. Atg39 interacts with cargo receptor Atg11 via Atg11 binding interacts animals and in plants ATG8 cytoplasm from the nucleus. (d) Ribophagy. A ribophagy receptor NUFIP1 is Ribophagy. A with C1 and transports it to theinteracts with C1 and transports it towards the cytoplasm in the nucleus. (d)essential for the ribophagy receptor NUFIP1 is crucial for the selective (e) Lipophagy. PNPLA8 is needed to create autophagosomes selective degradation of ribosomes in animals and plants. degradation of ribosomes in animals and plants. (e) Lipophagy. PNPLA8 is expected course of action in autophagosomes throughout the lipophagy happen to be identified while, in Reticulophagy. The throughout the lipophagyto generate mammals when, in plants, no receptors method in mammals so far. (f) plants, no receptors have been identified needed for endoplasmic reticulum degradation, needed for endoplasmic reticulum degradation, IRE1b tension sensor isso far. (f) Reticulophagy. The IRE1b tension sensor iswhich takes place in response to an accumulation of which takes place in response to an accumulation of unfolded proteins during ER pressure. The reticulon homology domain unfolded proteins through ER strain. The reticulon homology domain (RTN) containing the family of reticulophagy receptors (RTN) containing the family members of reticulophagy receptors has been identified in mammals and yeast, but not in plants. ATI1 has been identified in mammals and yeast, but not in plants. ATI1 and ATI2 had been the first ER-phagy receptors found in and ATI2 have been the initial ER-phagy receptors found in plants, and FAM134B, BNIP3, RTN3, and p63 have been id.