T to lie. Apart from plain lying,we study a broader idea of deception by taking a look at what has been known as sophisticated deception (Sutter. Right here,telling the truth is counted as an act of deceptionR. Anterior median prefrontal cortex (amPFC)the true message with all the expectation that the receiver believes her (correct) message. These trials are contrasted with each simple deception at the same time as sophisticated deception trials. We locate activation inside the habenular complex bilaterally,the right frontal operculum,the left pregenual ACC,and the correct middle frontal gyrus (see Table and Figure ,reduced panel).Frontiers in Behavioral Neurosciencewww.frontiersin.orgFebruary Volume Short article Volz et al.The neural basis of deception in strategic interactionsFIGURE Upper Panel: Easy Deception: Results are shown for the contrast easy deception trials vs. truth trials. Reduced Panel: Sophisticated Deception: Final results are shown for the contrast sophisticated deception trialsvs. truth trials. Abbreviations: aFG,anterior frontal gyrus; dACC,dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; rTPJ,correct temporoparietal junction. For visualization,a threshold of . was applied to the probability maps.Table Sophisticated deception vs. truth: laterality,anatomical specification,Talairach coordinates (x,y,z),posterior probabilities,and size (mm for activations as outlined by Bayesian analysis are shown for the contrast sophisticated deception trials vs. truth trials. Brain region R. Temporoparietal junction (TPJ) R. Precuneus L. Cuneus R. Superior frontal gyrus (BA R. Superior temporal gyrus x y z Max . . . . . mm Table Sophisticated deception vs. straightforward deception: laterality,anatomical specification,Talairach coordinates (x,y,z),posterior probabilities,and size (mm for activations based on Bayesian evaluation are shown for the contrast sophisticated deception trials vs. simple deception trials. Brain region R. Temporoparietal junction (TPJ) L. R. Middle temporal gyrus (MTG) L. Superior temporal gyrus (STG) L. Insula x y z Max . . . . . . mm when the sender expects the receiver not to follow the sender’s PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218150 (accurate) message. In addition,by taking into account the sender’s correct intention,we can also ascertain the neural correlates of genuine truth trials. All in all,we take our final results to show that brain activation patterns can reveal the sender’s correct intention (to deceive),for instance when sending an objectively true message.INTENTION TO DECEIVER. Midcingulate gyrusParticularly,our benefits reveal the rTPJ,the (pre)cuneus (CUN),retrosplenial cortex,and aFG to be especially involved for the intention to deceive,irrespective of no matter whether this really is performed by sending a false or maybe a accurate message. The getting of activation inside the rTPJ is in line with our hypothesis. According to previous findings and current metaanalytic findings on deceptive behavior,wesuggest this activation to reflect sociocognitive processes during deception. Particularly,deceptive behavior crucially is dependent upon the ability to anticipate the receiver’s mental state. The rTPJ,such as posterior superior temporal and OT-R antagonist 1 angular gyrus,have repeatedly been shown to become specifically involved when folks have to integrate socially relevant data and to infer the mental states of other folks (Saxe and Kanwisher Decety and Gr es Saxe Decety and Lamm Bahnemann et al. Therefore,the getting of rTPJ activation for deceptive behavior,realized either by telling a lie or telling the truth,is consistent with our hypothesis around the int.