S utilized for chemical sensing applications. The use of acrylic injection or acrylic containers added with a single compact piece of PET layer shapes with the high-transparency molding technology makes it feasible to produce numerous (1 cm two cm) with UV-glue. The price tag of one particular PET with A4 sizelayer.cm 21.0 cm)with all the generally disposable glass or container attached together with the PET (29.7 Compared is around USD 20. The A4 size may be acryliccut into a minimum of 250 for the(1 cm 2 cm) to ensure that the additional value for theuse the identical glass containers utilized pieces fluidic sample, the proposed PET-FS can small piece PET is about USD 0.08. The cost for the single PET-FS is still low. Furthermore, the value is or acrylic containersmass production. little piece of PET layer (1 cm 2 cm) with UVadded with one rather inexpensive underglue. The value of one particular PET with A4 size (29.7 cm 21.0 cm) is around USD 20. The A4 size Author Contributions: R.-C.T. 250 pieces measurement principles thatanalyzed the experimental for the is usually cut into no less than designed the (1 cm two cm) so and also the extra price RP101988 Purity & Documentation outcomes. K.-H.L. is around USD 0.08. The price for the single PET-FS is still low. In addition compact piece PET and B.-L.L. carried out the experimental tests and the simulations. R.-C.T. wrote the paper. All authors have read and agreed towards the published version with the manuscript. the price tag is pretty cheap under mass production.Funding: This analysis was partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Technologies of Taiwan, grant number MOST 108-2221-E-218-026; MOST 110-2221-E-218-014.
Academic Editor: Antonio Puliafito Received: two September 2021 Accepted: 7 November 2021 Published: 9 NovemberPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is definitely an open access report distributed below the terms and circumstances on the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).New measurement methods solutions are the organic “consequences” of implementing new technologies in communication services. This is also accurate for communication systems which can be created for remote reading of electrical energy consumption. In most situations, smart metering (SM) systems use wireless [1,2] or power line communications (PLC) [3,4] technologies for final mile network realization. PLC is gaining recognition [5] among other technologies resulting from its standardization by ITU-T [6]. These standards define such PLC interfaces as: PoweRline intelligent metering evolution (PRIME), G3-PLC [9], and G.hnem [10]. These interfaces are according to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as physical layers [11] and differential phase shift BMS-986094 Autophagy keying (DPSK) as carrier modulations. For the PRIME interface, they may be: differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) modulation, differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation, and differential 8-phase-shift keying (D8PSK) modulation. The PRIME interface, as with all interfaces made use of in SM, uses carrier frequencies inside the CENELEC A band [9,12], i.e., from 42 to 89 kHz. The authors of this paper constructed a PLC PRIME analyzer to meet the expectations of intelligent metering maintenance personnel. Analyzers utilised for measurements in communication networks have similar constructions. Nowadays, they consist of microcomputers having a touch screen along with a specialized module. In case of PLC, the speci.