Scharges the wastewater in their household septic tanks which discharge in to the soils or is collected by the city councils. Mostly, when the latrine is complete, they abandon it and dig another. Effluents from septic tanks are collected and discharged into sewerage systems by either city councils or private operators who operate emptying organization. Mr. Clean Malawi is really a great example in the enterprise of emptying the septic tanks and pit latrines in Mzuzu City. In Malawi, wastewater generation has enhanced because of a rise in population, urbanization, and industrialization [21]. Essential policies and legislation guiding management and operations of wastewater in Malawi include things like Guidelines for the Design, Operations and Maintenance of Waste Stabilization Ponds in Malawi (2012), Waterworks Act (1995) [25], Water Sources Act (2013) [26], National Sanitation Policy (2006) [27], Regional Government Act (1998) [28], Public Overall health Act (1948), and high quality standards guided nationally by the Malawi Bureau of Requirements (MBS MS539:2002 and MS691:2005) [29]. International and regional requirements and guidelines for instance World Overall health Organization (WHO) may well also apply to complement the national standards. The legislation and policy mandate ministries and departments accountable for water affairs, sanitation, and public wellness to handle, monitor the improvement of water resources, utilization, and safe disposal of liquid waste among other folks to protect the environment.Sustainability 2021, 13,ter Board; Central Region Water Board; Northern Area Water Board) are accountable for water supply to regions and operate with governments and community agencies to implement water and sanitation goals. Private entrepreneurs are mostly within the construction of latrines, septic tanks, pit emptying, and transportation of waste for the wastewater therapy Plants. NGOs and community-based organizations supply help for the construc8 of 21 tion of sanitation facilities, primarily in rural places. Donors, primarily the World Bank along with the European Investment Bank provide financial supports and loans towards the government.Sustainability 2021, 13, x FOR PEER SC-19220 Technical Information REVIEW9 ofFigure 2. WW flow diagram of Blantyre city, Malawi [23]. Figure two. WW flow diagram of Blantyre city, Malawi [23].Figure 3. WW flow diagram of Kasungu city, Malawi [24]. Figure 3. WW flow diagram of Kasungu city, Malawi [24].four. Case Studies The case research reported in this study are two centralized WWTPs serving hugely populated urban places. The first would be the Kaliti WWTP, located in Addis Ababa, Alvelestat Cancer Ethiopia. The second is definitely the Kauma WWTP, positioned in Lilongwe, Malawi. The technical configura-Sustainability 2021, 13,9 ofIn Malawi, the process of treating water and managing wastewater is carried out by the government with help from private entrepreneurs, Non-Governmental Organizations, and Donors. The National Water Resources Authority (NWRA) regulates and protects water sources quality from adverse impacts; concerns water abstraction and effluent discharge rights; monitors and enforces circumstances attached to permits for water use. District assemblies oversee the implementation of decentralization policies, like water sources management, and implement water and sanitation targets under decentralization reforms. City and regional water boards (i.e., Southern Region Water Board; Blantyre Water Board; Central Region Water Board; Northern Region Water Board) are accountable for water provide to regions and operate with governments and neighborhood agencie.