On was obtained in the gamma spectrum, utilizing an HP-Ge detector (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), with a nominal DMPO manufacturer efficiency of 25 , and also the Canberra Genie 2000 application. 4. Results and Discussion The FTIR spectrum was obtained as a way to recognize the vibrational modes in the BNNT samples (Figure 2). The absorption peaks amongst 3400 and 3200 cm-1 could possibly be attributed to the vibrational modes of your hydroxyl groups (-OH) from water molecules adsorbed onNanomaterials 2021, 11,five ofterials 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEWthe sample surface [20,21]. Having said that, it could also be attributed to the presence of copper hydroxide. The area among 2000 and 60 cm-1 has various peaks (Figure 2b,c). The well-known longitudinal (LO) vibrations along the axis resonate sharply around 1369 cm-1 , and also a second signal (1545 cm-1) seems for tangential (T) circumferential in-plane modes (B-N). These T modes need to be dependent around the diameter (curvature) but look to only be visible in hugely pure, crystalline BNNTs [22]. An additional standard absorption peak for BNNTs is situated around 790 cm-1 and is related to out-of-plane B-N-B bending (B-N-B) vibrations [20,21,23]. In each spectra, the peaks in between the 1100 and 880 cm-1 regions give an account of the anti-symmetrical and symmetrical stretching vibrations of B-O bonds in BO3 and BO4 groups formed from B-OH, and peaks at 701.three,of 14 and 453.3 cm-1 are 6 685.8 assigned to the bend vibrations of B-O bonds in BO3 and BO4 groups [24]. The peak at 426.0 cm-1 is assigned for the stretching vibrations Cu(II)-O of copper oxide CuO [25].-1 Figure 2. Infrared spectra of (a) BNNTs spectra of (a) BNNTsregion between 4500 the region amongst 4500 and 60 cm-1 . Figure two. Infrared and Cu-BNNTs within the and Cu-BNNTs in and 60 cm . (a) Psalmotoxin 1 Autophagy Highlighted regions involving 2000 and 60 cm-1 for (b) BNNTs and (c) Cu-BNNTs. -(a) Highlighted regions amongst 2000 and 60 cmfor (b) BNNTs and (c) Cu-BNNTs.The XRD of BNNTs and Cu-BNNTs is shown in Figure three. An intense peak close to 2 = 26.65(Figure 3a) corresponds to the plane (002) and is attributed for the most important peak from the h-BN structure. Peaks assigned to h-BN are also observed at 2 = 41.78 42.81 50.16 55.09 59.40and 76.05, which correspond towards the (100), (101), (102), (004), (103) and (110)Nanomaterials 2021, 11,6 ofThe XRD of BNNTs and Cu-BNNTs is shown in Figure three. An intense peak close to two = 26.65 (Figure 3a) corresponds for the plane (002) and is attributed for the main peak on the h-BN structure. Peaks assigned to h-BN are also observed at two = 41.78 , 42.81 , 50.16 , 55.09 , 59.40 and 76.05 , which correspond for the (one hundred), (101), (102), (004), (103) and (110) planes, respectively [14,23,26]. Immediately after the introduction of Cu nanoparticles towards the BNNTs, new diffraction peaks have been observed (Figure 3b),so the region among 30 and 80 erials 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Overview 7 of 14 was highlighted. The presence of CuO and Cu2 O nanoparticles have been identified at 36.89 , 39.71 and 65.3 , which may have occurred because of the exposure from the nanoparticles to the surrounding environment during characterization [27]. The characteristic diffraction peaks of copper nanoparticles positioned at 32.42and 44.81were observed.were observed. They correspond to of copper nanoparticles situated at 32.42 and 44.81 They correspond for the (110) and (200) (110) and (200) crystallographic planes of face-center cubic (fcc), respectively [27,28]. the crystallographic planes of face-center cubic (fcc), respectively [27,28]. Debye cherrer’s equation,.